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Hi Stackedhomes, I’ve been a silent reader of your articles for the last 4-5 years. Your articles were unbiased and provided great insights and analysis of home purchases. BACKGROUND.  My wife and I will be 42 & 43 respectively this year. We have 3 primary school going children and a helper. Our annual income adds up to about $330k. We are currently staying in HDB EA in Jurong area, with remaining loan of $270k. We plan to sell our house (hopefully to sell at $800k) to fund the next purchase. We would like to seek your advice on the following options: 1. Buy a resale leasehold 3 bedder condo (not more than 20 yrs old) + keep the cash profit and wait for better investment opportunities  2. Buy a resale leasehold 3 bedder condo (not more than 20 yrs old) + 1/2 bedder for investment (to sell in next 3-5 yrs).  3. Buy a 4/5 bedder dual key condo and rent out the studio side for the next 3-5 yrs. 4. Jointly buy a freehold 3/4 bedder in district 14/15. Which option would be most recommended based? Or would there be an option 5? I have forgotten to include our Available cash outlay is $100k and CPF OA is $210k.  Hi there, Thank you for reaching out. We appreciate the support, and I’m particularly happy to hear that the articles have been beneficial for you. Let me introduce myself; I’m Aaron, one of the partner consultants with Stacked, and over the past few years, I’ve had the privilege of assisting numerous HDB owners like yourself in upgrading to private properties.  Given the demand for bigger HDB Executive Apartments like the one that you currently have, it’s only natural to be curious if this is the right time to let go to upgrade to a private property.  Before delving into the options, let’s first assess your affordability. These are some of the Executive Apartments transacted in Jurong West from January this year till date: Without your address, I cannot determine whether a sale price of $800,000 is feasible. However, given that two units were sold at this price point, it may be achievable if your property is located in similar clusters. But to be more prudent, I will utilise the average transacted price of $711,520 for calculation purposes. Let’s round this to $712,000 for ease of calculation. *Assuming your incomes are evenly split **Although your maximum loan quantum is at $2,463,190, due to the CPF + cash you have for the 25% down payment, your loan quantum is reduced Wife Husband In the above calculations, both your individual affordability are the same because I assumed that your incomes as well as the CPF + cash funds are equally split. Given that you have a rather considerable amount of CPF + cash funds, your budgets can be altered by adjusting the cash portions. Now let’s run through the options you’re considering. I am presuming here that the 3-bedroom unit will be acquired under a single name. Given the current high prices and interest rates, if there’s no urgency to acquire a second property, you could spare the time to wait while allocating your additional funds to other investment opportunities. Let’s assume that your wife purchases the 3-bedder since she is eligible for a higher loan. I will also put an additional $200,000 towards the purchase to increase her affordability and open up more options.  Wife’s revised affordability With a budget nearing $1.8M, you’ll find a variety of options for 3-bedroom properties under 20 years old, depending on your desired location. When choosing a property, it’s crucial to consider your intended holding period. Since this wasn’t specified, I will just assume a 10-year horizon for calculation purposes. Let’s explore the potential expenses if your wife acquires a unit priced at $1.7M. Let’s also examine the potential profits. I will assume that the property appreciates at the same average growth rate as all non-landed private properties over the last decade, which is 2.9% annually. I will also assume that the remaining $176,000 (of CPF + cash) is in your husband’s CPF and accumulates a 2.5% interest annually. Without having your specific figures, it’s hard to give accurate advice. But if the remaining funds consist of cash, there’s potential for higher returns as you could invest it in other avenues. This option may be better suited for those who are looking for an additional income stream and are comfortable with tenant management.  Seeing as you will need the CPF + cash for the purchase of the investment property, in this scenario, I will allocate just $100,000 more towards the purchase of the own stay property under your wife’s name.  Wife’s revised affordability Let’s take a look at the costs involved should your wife purchase a unit at $1.6M. Husband’s revised affordability  Let’s assume a purchase price of $1M and a rental yield of 3% for the investment property. For calculation purposes, I will presume that both properties grow at the same rate of 2.9%. This option could be more suitable for families seeking additional space and also desiring a source of supplemental income. We have previously done a piece discussing the profitability of dual key units which you can read .  Our analysis indicates that, generally, dual key units tend to experience a lower appreciation rate compared to regular units within the same development. However, it’s important to note that there are fewer transactions involving dual key units, which may skew the results. Additionally, dual key units may have been more popular with investors, so most owners would have generated income through rental yields, reducing the pressure to sell at a significant appreciation. With a combined affordability of $2.8M, you have a decent range of options for 4-bedroom dual key units. Let’s consider a scenario where you purchase a unit for $2.5M and rent out the studio for $2,500 per month. As before, assuming a 2.9% growth rate annually: This option may be better suited for those prioritising property value retention and long-term investment. In we did, we found that both leasehold and freehold properties exhibited increasing returns in the initial years. However, as expected, over an extended holding period, freehold properties demonstrated more resilience in terms of price appreciation compared to their leasehold counterparts. The suitability of this option hinges on your intended holding period. For a shorter hold, considering a leasehold property may make more sense due to lower overall costs and potentially better growth rates compared to freehold properties. However, if you’re looking at a longer holding period, this could be a viable choice. With a budget of $2.8M, you have numerous options in Districts 14 and 15. However, it’s worth noting that many of these projects are boutique developments. In addition, the lower transaction volumes associated with freehold properties might require some waiting time. Let’s look at the costs involved should you purchase a freehold unit at $2.8M. Assuming that the property grows at the same rate of 2.9% annually: Let’s take a quick look again at the potential costs and gains for each of the options: Before concluding, I’d like to point out that the cash and CPF outlay for scenario 1 is lower than those in 2-4. This means that you would have to factor in investing the cash/CPF that you would’ve used in scenarios 2-4 to make it a fairer comparison. This difference amounts to $176,000 ($752,000 less $576,000). As such, I’ll assume a 4% investment year-on-year return. This is typically lower than the 7% one could expect from equities, however, the scenario considers saving up for an investment property later, so I would assume a lower return from a less risky investment such as bonds. In this case, the extra gain from investment is as follows: The extra $74,503 gained over 10 years results in an overall gain of $163,643 which is still lower than the gains in scenarios 2 and 3. Now since the potential gains are unpredictable and rely heavily on the specific development(s) you choose, let’s focus on examining the potential costs involved. Except for Option 4, the costs associated with the other four options are fairly comparable. The decision will ultimately hinge on your purchase objectives and intended holding period. While Option 3 does generate rental income, historical data indicating slower appreciation for dual key units and potential challenges in selling the unit down the line make it a less ideal choice. If your plan is to hold the property for an extended period, say 20 to 30 years, Option 4 would be suitable, as prices of freehold properties typically hold up better over time. However as mentioned, it may not be the best choice for the short-term, given its higher entry price, resulting in substantially higher costs, with no guarantee of better appreciation compared to a leasehold property. Option 1 offers the most flexibility and liquidity, which could be crucial for a family with three school-going children and a helper. However, if your focus leans more towards property investment and generating rental income, only Option 2 allows for the ownership of two properties concurrently. This is advantageous as it keeps your residence and investment property separate and offers potential capital appreciation for both. The rental income earned also helps offset expenses. If you prefer staying in the West, consider exploring newer resale Executive Condominium (EC) units, as they are more affordable and there has been a steady stream of new ECs launched in the west, potentially supporting price stability. We hope that our analysis will help you in your decision-making. If you’d like to get in touch for a more in-depth consultation, you can do so .